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Evaluating Your Sources

We make better decisions and construct more convincing arguments when we understand the quality of the information we're using. In an academic context our ability to create knowledge and meaning depends on our ability to analyze and interpret information with precision.

To evaluate information is to analyze information from a critical perspective.We also need to consider the relationships among different sources and how they work together to form “conversations” of diverse perspectives surrounding a particular research question.

Several categories to consider for evaluation are those found in the "rhetorical triangle:" author, purpose, and audience.

The questions that follow can help you think through the evaluation of information sources. Keep in mind that evaluation is not simply about determining whether a source is “reliable” or “not reliable.” Instead, it's more useful to consider the degree to which a source is reliable for a given purpose. The primary goal of evaluation is to understand the significance and value of a source in relation to other sources and your own thinking on a topic.

Questions to Ask Issues to Consider
Is the content relevant to your research question? You may find something interesting but it still needs to have a place in your main argument to be included in your research.
Does it include a sufficient level of detail? Be sure the source has the kind of coverage of the topic that you want before you decide to use it.
Is it written by a reliable author?  
Does it provide unbiased facts about the subject?  
   

 

Questions to Ask Issues to Consider
Who is the author or creator? If the author or creator of the resource is unclear, consider if it could be a corporate or group author.
Are they an expert on this topic? Just because someone has credentials doesn't mean they are an expert on the topic at hand.
What are their credentials, experience, or education? Think about how recent their experiences in the field is and how connected it is to the topic of the resource.
What else have they written? Consider what the author usually writes in comparison to this resource.
Does the author have a specific point of view or bias that affects the way they present their content  

 

Questions to Ask Issues to Consider
Who is the intended audience? Think about how the resource can be accessed and if it is behind a paywall or available through open access.
What is the audience's interest in the subject? Consider the terminology used in the resource. More generic terms usually mean a more general audience.
What does the audience know about the subject?  
How would the audience feel about the subject?  
Who is affected by the information presented in the resource?  

 

Questions to Ask Issues to Consider
Why is the content being shared? The distinction between advertising and information can be blurred on the internet.
Is it to inform, entertain, or a combination? The goals and views of the person presenting the material might be unclear.
Is an idea or product being sold? If so, does advertising overwhelm the content? Think about if the author discusses both the positives and the drawbacks in the content.
How does the author's purpose affect the way that the content is presented? You want to acknowledge any bias present in your article or paper.